Mastering Thermal Night Vision: A Brief Guide

When it comes to thermal night vision, chances are that the average person has a pretty wild or inaccurate perception of what it is and how it works. Thanks to Hollywood, spy novels, and general popular culture, amongst other things, the technology has sometimes been excessively exaggerated or portrayed inaccurately. This leaves room for a lot of confusion amongst the general public.

Allow us to clarify: thermal night vision is a fantastic innovation in the optics world that we are massive fans of. But we also realise that many individuals may have more questions than answers about it. In this short read, we aim to bust the door wide open on what is fact and what is fiction by answering all there is to ask about thermal night vision.

Note: When referring to "thermal night vision" it specifically pertains to thermal optics, not traditional night vision optics. Thermal optics detect heat signatures from objects, allowing users to see in complete darkness by capturing temperature differences. In contrast, night vision optics amplify existing light to create a visible image in low-light conditions. These two technologies serve different purposes and should not be confused.

What Is Thermal Night Vision?

Thermal night vision is a form of night vision that detects infrared radiation, otherwise known simply as heat, that is invisible to the naked eye. It differs from standard night vision where, instead of needing some form of light to operate, thermal does so by representing the different levels of heat emitted.

Can Thermal Night Vision See Through Walls?

No, it is not possible for thermal night vision to see through walls. While it does a great job of seeing “through” adverse conditions like smoke, fog, rain, or sandstorms, it cannot project through a solid barrier like a wall. It will only detect the heat from the wall.

Do Thermal Binoculars Work In Total Darkness?

Yes, thermal binoculars, scopes, cameras and monoculars will work in total darkness. Since thermal detects heat signatures, it can do so whether there is a lot of light or none at all. Unlike traditional night vision devices, thermal technology does not rely on any type of source of light to create an image, making it great for any adverse conditions.

Is Thermal Night Vision Affected By Camouflage Or Concealment?

Because thermal night vision works by detecting heat signatures rather than available light, traditional camouflage and concealment practices have limited, if any, effect on thermal devices. However, some additional techniques and materials can be used to evade thermal night vision technology like insulation or blending with the background temperature to avoid detection.

Can Thermal Night Vision Be Used For Hunting Or Wildlife Observation?

Yes, not only can thermal night vision be used for hunting and wildlife monitoring, but it is also a fantastic, effective tool to do so. Thermal night vision devices and scopes help hunters and observers locate wildlife with ease, especially in adverse conditions. It also aids in identifying potential risks or hazards like cliffs, ditches, or other predatory animals.

What Maintenance Is Required For Thermal Night Vision Devices?

Proper care and maintenance of your thermal night vision device will help you get the most out of it and ultimately ensure it lasts as long as possible. Cleaning after use, proper storage, firmware updates, and applying the recommended battery care are the primary guidelines for guaranteeing that your device is always in optimal condition and ready to use for reliable performance.

What Is Better; Night Vision Or Thermal?

Ultimately, it depends on what the application is. Both technologies are similar in operation but have their unique uses as well as their own advantages and drawbacks, depending on what one is looking to achieve. For instance, thermal night vision is a good technology to use for detection, but regular night vision is better for recognition.

What Is Cheaper; Night Vision Or Thermal?

Generally, night vision is more affordable than thermal when compared side by side. However, the cost and affordability is relevant to the use and the application of the device.

What Is The Range Of Thermal Night Vision Devices?

The range of thermal night vision devices varies depending on factors such as the specific model and the conditions it’s used in, as well as the size  of the objects being detected. But in general, thermals can detect heat signatures from a few metres, to several hundred metres, and even several kilometres away, with the most advanced models offering even longer ranges than that. It is mostly correlated with the size of the germanium lens.

However, it's important to be cognisant that the level of detail and clarity may decrease over distance. Additionally, atmospheric conditions such as fog, rain, and humidity can affect the range and clarity of thermals over range as well.

What Are The Applications Of Thermal Night Vision Technology?

We’ve alluded to the fact that thermal night vision technologies will suit different applications and that there is a wide range of applications at that. Here are some of the many different segments and industries that make use of thermal imaging technology:

• Law Enforcement
• Search and Rescue
• Military
• Wildlife Observation
• Hunting
• Maritime and Border Security
• Industrial Inspections
• Firefighting
• Building Inspections

What Are The Limitations Of Thermal Night Vision Technology?

As we’ve mentioned, thermal night vision may have some drawbacks depending on what the intended use is. Some limitations when it comes to thermals include:

Reflection: Materials with reflective properties like glass, mirrors, stainless steel, and even ceramic can interfere with thermal technology as these materials reflect infrared radiation. This leads to inaccurate readings in sight or difficulty in detecting objects in the same vicinity.

Resolution: Compared to traditional night vision systems, thermal generally offers lower resolution which makes it challenging to recognise small details at distances. It’s important to bear in mind that thermal night vision is meant more for detection rather than identification.

Detection Range: While thermal technology can detect heat signatures over long distances, the accuracy of detection may decrease the further it becomes, especially in unfavourable conditions or environments with a lot of background thermal “noise”.

How To Choose The Right Thermal Night Vision

Choosing the right thermal night vision for what you need is naturally the most important factor when it comes to getting new gear. On the one hand, you need the device to do what you require it to do, and on the other, you don’t want to spend more than you need to on a device with capabilities and functions that you may never have a need for. With so many different options available, it becomes a fine line and it can be daunting to get started.

With that in mind, here are a few useful considerations when making a thermal night vision purchase

Determine the Purpose: Decide on how and what you intend to use the device for. Will it be for hunting, wildlife observation, surveillance, search and rescue, or another application? Knowing what the primary use case will be is the first step and will help narrow down the options you have, making the entire process much simpler.

Detection Range: Different models will have varying detection ranges. The more high-end the model, the more likely it is that the further it will be able to detect objects. Consider the range needed for your intended use and select one based on your requirements. But keep in mind that the longer the range becomes, the higher the price will be too.

Resolution: Resolution is another major factor to consider when decking on a thermal night vision device. It’s vital to pay attention to the resolution size of the thermal imaging sensor – the higher the resolution of the sensor, the clearer and more detailed the images will be. This could help with not only better detection but also identification.

Durability and Weather Resistance: For the most part, thermal night vision devices will be used in rugged environments as well as adverse weather conditions. Therefore, durability and wear resistance are important factors to take into account as well. If you know your device will be in conditions where it will take on wear and tear, it would be wise to look at something that is waterproof, shockproof, and built to last in harsher conditions.

Battery Life: Battery life is another consideration as thermal night vision equipment uses a lot of power. Longer battery life allows for extended use without the need for frequent recharging or battery changes, which are not always attainable in the field. Consider how long you expect to use the device in a single session and choose a model with the battery capacity to meet these needs.

Comfort and Ergonomics: As with just about anything, comfort should be a priority. Things like weight and size of the equipment, as well as ease of use, will play a role in the ultimate comfort the device can offer. Anticipating the lengths of usage is also something to bear in mind when choosing a device in terms of comfort and ease of use.

Budget: Your budget is arguably the biggest determining factor when it comes to buying thermal night vision. Decide on your budget beforehand and then determine what features you’re able to get within it. Higher-end models may offer more advanced features and better performance, but more affordable options may still meet your needs.

Read Reviews and Compare Models: It’s a good idea to take the time to read reviews and compare different thermal night vision models from reputable brands for social proof and credibility. Consider factors like user feedback, reliability, and customer support when making your decision. Sometimes looking at negative feedback can tell you just as much information, if not more, about the product in question.

Try Before You Buy: Testing the device out firsthand will likely ensure that you make the right choice. Contact Futurama and we will come and see you on one of our quarterly Night Vision and Thermal tours that run right throughout SA. Our specialist comes to you and can assist with choosing the correct device for your needs. Alternatively, give us a call and ask to speak to the specialist for advice.